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The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was passed by the United Nations General Assembly on 13 December 2006 and entered into force on 3 May 2008. The Optional Protocol to the Convention was enacted at the same time. As of September 2015, the Convention was signed by 158 states and the European Union.

The Convention aims to promote the participation of disabled people in the civil, political, economic, social and cultural spheres (social integration), prevent discrimination on the basis of disability, protect disabled people, promote the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by persons with disabilities, and create effective legal mechanisms to ensure these rights.